A medically induced state of unconsciousness accompanied by a lack of pain sensation over the entire body, used during major surgeries to ensure the patient is completely unaware and pain-free. Sedation levels can vary from minimal to deep, depending on the procedure and patient needs.

The administration of an anaesthetic agent to a specific area of the body, resulting in a temporary loss of sensation in that area. It is commonly used for minor surgical procedures, allowing the patient to remain awake without feeling pain in the targeted region.

A type of anaesthesia that blocks pain in a larger area of the body by injecting an anaesthetic near specific nerves. Examples include:

• Spinal Anaesthesia: Injection of anaesthetic into the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the spinal cord, resulting in numbness in the lower half of the body, commonly used for procedures involving the lower abdomen, pelvis, and legs.
• Epidural Anaesthesia: Injection of anaesthetic into the epidural space of the spinal cord, often used during childbirth and surgeries of the lower limbs.
• Nerve Blocks: Injection of anaesthetic near a specific nerve or group of nerves to block sensation in a particular area, useful for procedures on the extremities.

A range of techniques and therapies aimed at managing acute or chronic pain, which may include nerve blocks, epidural infusions, and medication management, to improve patient comfort and quality of life during and after surgical procedures.